r容器主要负责解析socket请求,在tomcat中的源码位于org.apache.catalina.connector和org.apache.coyote包路径下;通过上两节的分析,我们知道了Connector是Service的子容器,而Service又是Server的子容器。在server.xml文件中配置,然后在Catalina类中通过Digester完成实例化。在server.xml中默认配置了两种Connector的实现,分别用来处理Http请求和AJP请求。
Connector的实现一共有以下三种:
1、Http Connector:解析HTTP请求,又分为BIO Http Connector和NIO Http Connector,即阻塞IO Connector和非阻塞IO Connector。本文主要分析NIO Http Connector的实现过程。
2、AJP:基于AJP协议,用于Tomcat与HTTP服务器通信定制的协议,能提供较高的通信速度和效率。如与Apache服务器集成时,采用这个协议。
3、APR HTTP Connector:用C实现,通过JNI调用的。主要提升对静态资源(如HTML、图片、CSS、JS等)的访问性能。
具体要使用哪种Connector可以在server.xml文件中通过protocol属性配置如下:
复制代码
复制代码
然后看一下Connector的构造器:
复制代码
public Connector(String protocol) {
setProtocol(protocol);
// Instantiate protocol handler
ProtocolHandler p = null;
try {
Class> clazz = Class.forName(protocolHandlerClassName);
p = (ProtocolHandler) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(sm.getString(
"coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerInstantiationFailed"), e);
} finally {
this.protocolHandler = p;
}
if (Globals.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE) {
uriCharset = StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1;
} else {
uriCharset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
}
}
public void setProtocol(String protocol) {
boolean aprConnector = AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable() &&
AprLifecycleListener.getUseAprConnector();
if ("HTTP/1.1".equals(protocol) || protocol == null) {
if (aprConnector) {
setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol");
} else {
setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");
}
} else if ("AJP/1.3".equals(protocol)) {
if (aprConnector) {
setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol");
} else {
setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNioProtocol");
}
} else {
setProtocolHandlerClassName(protocol);
}
}
复制代码
通过分析Connector构造器的源码可以知道,每一个Connector对应了一个protocolHandler,一个protocolHandler被设计用来监听服务器某个端口的网络请求,但并不负责处理请求(处理请求由Container组件完成)。下面就以Http11NioProtocol为例分析Http请求的解析过程。
在Connector的startInterval方法中启动了protocolHandler,代码如下:
复制代码
protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
// Validate settings before starting
if (getPort() < 0) {
throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString(
"coyoteConnector.invalidPort", Integer.valueOf(getPort())));
}
setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
try {
protocolHandler.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new LifecycleException(
sm.getString("coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerStartFailed"), e);
}
}
复制代码
Http11NioProtocol创建一个org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint实例,然后将监听端口并解析请求的工作全被委托给NioEndpoint实现。tomcat在使用Http11NioProtocol解析HTTP请求时一共设计了三种线程,分别为Acceptor,Poller和Worker。
1、Acceptor线程
Acceptor实现了Runnable接口,根据其命名就知道它是一个接收器,负责接收socket,其接收方法是serverSocket.accept()方式,获得SocketChannel对象,然后封装成tomcat自定义的org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioChannel。虽然是Nio,但在接收socket时仍然使用传统的方法,使用阻塞方式实现。Acceptor以线程池的方式被创建和管理,在NioEndpoint的startInternal()方法中完成Acceptor的启动,源码如下:
复制代码
public void startInternal() throws Exception {
if (!running) {
running = true;
paused = false;
processorCache = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE,
socketProperties.getProcessorCache());
eventCache = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE,
socketProperties.getEventCache());
nioChannels = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE,
socketProperties.getBufferPool());
// Create worker collection
if ( getExecutor() == null ) {
createExecutor();
}
//设置最大连接数,默认值为maxConnections = 10000,通过同步器AQS实现。
initializeConnectionLatch();
//默认是2个,Math.min(2,Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());和虚拟机处理器个数比较
// Start poller threads
pollers = new Poller[getPollerThreadCount()];
for (int i=0; i
0) {
//if we are here, means we have other stuff to do
//do a non blocking select
//非阻塞的 select
keyCount = selector.selectNow();
} else {
//阻塞selector,直到有准备就绪的socket
keyCount = selector.select(selectorTimeout);
}
wakeupCounter.set(0);
}
if (close) {
//该方法遍历了eventqueue中的所有PollerEvent,然后依次调用PollerEvent的run,将socket注册到selector中。
events();
timeout(0, false);
try {
selector.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.nio.selectorCloseFail"), ioe);
}
break;
}
} catch (Throwable x) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(x);
log.error("",x);
continue;
}
//either we timed out or we woke up, process events first
if ( keyCount == 0 ) hasEvents = (hasEvents | events());
Iterator iterator =
keyCount > 0 ? selector.selectedKeys().iterator() : null;
// Walk through the collection of ready keys and dispatch
// any active event.
//遍历就绪的socket事件
while (iterator != null && iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey sk = iterator.next();
NioSocketWrapper attachment = (NioSocketWrapper)sk.attachment();
// Attachment may be null if another thread has called
// cancelledKey()
if (attachment == null) {
iterator.remove();
} else {
iterator.remove();
//调用processKey方法对有数据读写的socket进行处理,在分析Worker线程时会分析该方法
processKey(sk, attachment);
}
}//while
//process timeouts
timeout(keyCount,hasEvents);
}//while
getStopLatch().countDown();
}
复制代码
run方法中调用了events方法:
复制代码
public boolean events() {
boolean result = false;
PollerEvent pe = null;
for (int i = 0, size = events.size(); i < size && (pe = events.poll()) != null; i++ ) {
result = true;
try {
//将pollerEvent中的每个socketChannel注册到selector中
pe.run();
pe.reset();
if (running && !paused) {
//将注册了的pollerEvent加到endPoint.eventCache
eventCache.push(pe);