Netty源码分析 (七)----- read过程 源码分析
目录
allocHandler的实例化过程
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
doReadBytes方法
正文
在上一篇文章中,我们分析了processSelectedKey这个方法中的accept过程,本文将分析一下work线程中的read过程。
复制代码
private static void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
final NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
//检查该SelectionKey是否有效,如果无效,则关闭channel
if (!k.isValid()) {
// close the channel if the key is not valid anymore
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
return;
}
try {
int readyOps = k.readyOps();
// Also check for readOps of 0 to workaround possible JDK bug which may otherwise lead
// to a spin loop
// 如果准备好READ或ACCEPT则触发unsafe.read() ,检查是否为0,如上面的源码英文注释所说:解决JDK可能会产生死循环的一个bug。
if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
unsafe.read();
if (!ch.isOpen()) {//如果已经关闭,则直接返回即可,不需要再处理该channel的其他事件
// Connection already closed - no need to handle write.
return;
}
}
// 如果准备好了WRITE则将缓冲区中的数据发送出去,如果缓冲区中数据都发送完成,则清除之前关注的OP_WRITE标记
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
// Call forceFlush which will also take care of clear the OP_WRITE once there is nothing left to write
ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
}
// 如果是OP_CONNECT,则需要移除OP_CONNECT否则Selector.select(timeout)将立即返回不会有任何阻塞,这样可能会出现cpu 100%
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
// remove OP_CONNECT as otherwise Selector.select(..) will always return without blocking
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/924
int ops = k.interestOps();
ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
k.interestOps(ops);
unsafe.finishConnect();
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException ignored) {
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
}
}
复制代码
该方法主要是对SelectionKey k进行了检查,有如下几种不同的情况
1)OP_ACCEPT,接受客户端连接
2)OP_READ, 可读事件, 即 Channel 中收到了新数据可供上层读取。
3)OP_WRITE, 可写事件, 即上层可以向 Channel 写入数据。
4)OP_CONNECT, 连接建立事件, 即 TCP 连接已经建立, Channel 处于 active 状态。
本篇博文主要来看下当work 线程 selector检测到OP_READ事件时,内部干了些什么。
复制代码
if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
unsafe.read();
if (!ch.isOpen()) {//如果已经关闭,则直接返回即可,不需要再处理该channel的其他事件
// Connection already closed - no need to handle write.
return;
}
}
复制代码
从代码中可以看到,当selectionKey发生的事件是SelectionKey.OP_READ,执行unsafe的read方法。注意这里的unsafe是NioByteUnsafe的实例
为什么说这里的unsafe是NioByteUnsafe的实例呢?在上篇博文Netty源码分析:accept中我们知道Boss NioEventLoopGroup中的NioEventLoop只负责accpt客户端连接,然后将该客户端注册到Work NioEventLoopGroup中的NioEventLoop中,即最终是由work线程对应的selector来进行read等时间的监听,即work线程中的channel为SocketChannel,SocketChannel的unsafe就是NioByteUnsafe的实例
下面来看下NioByteUnsafe中的read方法
复制代码
@Override
public void read() {
final ChannelConfig config = config();
if (!config.isAutoRead() && !isReadPending()) {
// ChannelConfig.setAutoRead(false) was called in the meantime
removeReadOp();
return;
}
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator();
final int maxMessagesPerRead = config.getMaxMessagesPerRead();
RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = this.allocHandle;
if (allocHandle == null) {
this.allocHandle = allocHandle = config.getRecvByteBufAllocator().newHandle();
}
ByteBuf byteBuf = null;
int messages = 0;
boolean close = false;
try {
int totalReadAmount = 0;
boolean readPendingReset = false;
do {
//1、分配缓存
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
int writable = byteBuf.writableBytes();//可写的字节容量
//2、将socketChannel数据写入缓存
int localReadAmount = doReadBytes(byteBuf);
if (localReadAmount <= 0) {
// not was read release the buffer
byteBuf.release();
close = localReadAmount < 0;
break;
}
if (!readPendingReset) {
readPendingReset = true;
setReadPending(false);
}
//3、触发pipeline的ChannelRead事件来对byteBuf进行后续处理
pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf);
byteBuf = null;
if (totalReadAmount >= Integer.MAX_VALUE - localReadAmount) {
// Avoid overflow.
totalReadAmount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
break;
}
totalReadAmount += localReadAmount;
// stop reading
if (!config.isAutoRead()) {
break;
}
if (localReadAmount < writable) {
// Read less than what the buffer can hold,
// which might mean we drained the recv buffer completely.
break;
}
} while (++ messages < maxMessagesPerRead);
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
allocHandle.record(totalReadAmount);
if (close) {
closeOnRead(pipeline);
close = false;
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close);
} finally {
if (!config.isAutoRead() && !isReadPending()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
}
复制代码
下面一一介绍比较重要的代码
回到顶部
allocHandler的实例化过程
allocHandle负责自适应调整当前缓存分配的大小,以防止缓存分配过多或过少,先看allocHandler的实例化过程
复制代码
RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = this.allocHandle;
if (allocHandle == null) {
this.allocHandle = allocHandle = config.getRecvByteBufAllocator().newHandle();
}
复制代码
其中, config.getRecvByteBufAllocator()得到的是一个 AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator实例DEFAULT。
public static final AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator DEFAULT = new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator();
而AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator中的newHandler()方法的代码如下:
复制代码
@Override
public Handle newHandle() {
return new HandleImpl(minIndex, maxIndex, initial);
}
HandleImpl(int minIndex, int maxIndex, int initial) {
this.minIndex = minIndex;
this.maxIndex = maxIndex;
index = getSizeTableIndex(initial);
nextReceiveBufferSize = SIZE_TABLE[index];
}
复制代码
其中,上面方法中所用到参数:minIndex maxIndex initial是什么意思呢?含义如下:minIndex是最小缓存在SIZE_TABLE中对应的下标。maxIndex是最大缓存在SIZE_TABLE中对应的下标,initial为初始化缓存大小。
AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator的相关常量字段
复制代码
public class AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator implements RecvByteBufAllocator {
static final int DEFAULT_MINIMUM = 64;
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL = 1024;
static final int DEFAULT_MAXIMUM = 65536;
private static final int INDEX_INCREMENT = 4;
private static final int INDEX_DECREMENT = 1;
private static final int[] SIZE_TABLE;
复制代码
上面这些字段的具体含义说明如下:
1)、SIZE_TABLE:按照从小到大的顺序预先存储可以分配的缓存大小。
从16开始,每次累加16,直到496,接着从512开始,每次增大一倍,直到溢出。SIZE_TABLE初始化过程如下。
复制代码
static {
List sizeTable = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 16; i < 512; i += 16) {
sizeTable.add(i);
}
for (int i = 512; i > 0; i <<= 1) {
sizeTable.add(i);
}
SIZE_TABLE = new int[sizeTable.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_TABLE.length; i ++) {
SIZE_TABLE[i] = sizeTable.get(i);
}
}
复制代码
2)、DEFAULT_MINIMUM:最小缓存(64),在SIZE_TABLE中对应的下标为3。
3)、DEFAULT_MAXIMUM :最大缓存(65536),在SIZE_TABLE中对应的下标为38。
4)、DEFAULT_INITIAL :初始化缓存大小,第一次分配缓存时,由于没有上一次实际收到的字节数做参考,需要给一个默认初始值。
5)、INDEX_INCREMENT:上次预估缓存偏小,下次index的递增值。
6)、INDEX_DECREMENT :上次预估缓存偏大,下次index的递减值。
构造函数:
复制代码
private AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator() {
this(DEFAULT_MINIMUM, DEFAULT_INITIAL, DEFAULT_MAXIMUM);
}
public AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(int minimum, int initial, int maximum) {
if (minimum <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("minimum: " + minimum);
}
if (initial < minimum) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("initial: " + initial);
}
if (maximum < initial) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("maximum: " + maximum);
}
int minIndex = getSizeTableIndex(minimum);
if (SIZE_TABLE[minIndex] < minimum) {
this.minIndex = minIndex + 1;
} else {
this.minIndex = minIndex;
}
int maxIndex = getSizeTableIndex(maximum);
if (SIZE_TABLE[maxIndex] > maximum) {
this.maxIndex = maxIndex - 1;
} else {
this.maxIndex = maxIndex;
}
this.initial = initial;
}
复制代码
该构造函数对参数进行了有效性检查,然后初始化了如下3个字段,这3个字段就是上面用于产生allocHandle对象所要用到的参数。
复制代码
private final int minIndex;
private final int maxIndex;
private final int initial;
复制代码
其中,getSizeTableIndex函数的代码如下,该函数的功能为:找到SIZE_TABLE中的元素刚好大于或等于size的位置。
复制代码
private static int getSizeTableIndex(final int size) {
for (int low = 0, high = SIZE_TABLE.length - 1;;) {
if (high < low) {
return low;
}
if (high == low) {
return high;
}
int mid = low + high >>> 1;
int a = SIZE_TABLE[mid];
int b = SIZE_TABLE[mid + 1];
if (size > b) {
low = mid + 1;
} else if (size < a) {
high = mid - 1;
} else if (size == a) {
return mid;
} else { //这里的情况就是 a < size <= b 的情况
return mid + 1;
}
}
}
复制代码
回到顶部
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
申请一块指定大小的内存
AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator#HandlerImpl
复制代码
@Override
public ByteBuf allocate(ByteBufAllocator alloc) {
return alloc.ioBuffer(nextReceiveBufferSize);
}
复制代码
直接调用了ioBuffer方法,继续看
AbstractByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
public ByteBuf ioBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
if (PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
return directBuffer(initialCapacity);
}
return heapBuffer(initialCapacity);
}
复制代码
ioBuffer函数中主要逻辑为:看平台是否支持unsafe,选择使用直接物理内存还是堆上内存。先看 heapBuffer
AbstractByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
public ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
return heapBuffer(initialCapacity, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
@Override
public ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity == 0 && maxCapacity == 0) {
return emptyBuf;
}
validate(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
return newHeapBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}
复制代码
这里的newHeapBuffer有两种实现:至于具体用哪一种,取决于我们对系统属性io.netty.allocator.type的设置,如果设置为: “pooled”,则缓存分配器就为:PooledByteBufAllocator,进而利用对象池技术进行内存分配。如果不设置或者设置为其他,则缓存分配器为:UnPooledByteBufAllocator,则直接返回一个UnpooledHeapByteBuf对象。
UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
protected ByteBuf newHeapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
return new UnpooledHeapByteBuf(this, initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}
复制代码
PooledByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
protected ByteBuf newHeapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
PoolThreadCache cache = threadCache.get();
PoolArena heapArena = cache.heapArena;
ByteBuf buf;
if (heapArena != null) {
buf = heapArena.allocate(cache, initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
} else {
buf = new UnpooledHeapByteBuf(this, initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}
return toLeakAwareBuffer(buf);
}
复制代码
再看directBuffer
AbstractByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
public ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
return directBuffer(initialCapacity, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
@Override
public ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity == 0 && maxCapacity == 0) {
return emptyBuf;
}
validate(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);//参数的有效性检查
return newDirectBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}
复制代码
与newHeapBuffer一样,这里的newDirectBuffer方法也有两种实现:至于具体用哪一种,取决于我们对系统属性io.netty.allocator.type的设置,如果设置为: “pooled”,则缓存分配器就为:PooledByteBufAllocator,进而利用对象池技术进行内存分配。如果不设置或者设置为其他,则缓存分配器为:UnPooledByteBufAllocator。这里主要看下UnpooledByteBufAllocator. newDirectBuffer的内部实现
UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java
复制代码
@Override
protected ByteBuf newDirectBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
ByteBuf buf;
if (PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
buf = new UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf(this, initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
} else {
buf = new UnpooledDirectByteBuf(this, initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}
return toLeakAwareBuffer(buf);
}
复制代码
UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf是如何实现缓存管理的?对Nio的ByteBuffer进行了封装,通过ByteBuffer的allocateDirect方法实现缓存的申请。
复制代码
protected UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf(ByteBufAllocator alloc, int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
super(maxCapacity);
//省略了部分参数检查的代码
this.alloc = alloc;
setByteBuffer(allocateDirect(initialCapacity));
}
复制代码
复制代码
protected ByteBuffer allocateDirect(int initialCapacity) {
return ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(initialCapacity);
}
private void setByteBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
ByteBuffer oldBuffer = this.buffer;
if (oldBuffer != null) {
if (doNotFree) {
doNotFree = false;
} else {
freeDirect(oldBuffer);
}
}
this.buffer = buffer;
memoryAddress = PlatformDependent.directBufferAddress(buffer);
tmpNioBuf = null;
capacity = buffer.remaining();
}
复制代码
上面代码的主要逻辑为:
1、先利用ByteBuffer的allocateDirect方法分配了大小为initialCapacity的缓存
2、然后判断将旧缓存给free掉
3、最后将新缓存赋给字段buffer上
其中:memoryAddress = PlatformDependent.directBufferAddress(buffer